Dental experts now recommend that pregnant women have an examination to check for gum disease.
Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that a healthy mouth improves the likelihood of a problem-free pregnancy.
Increased hormone levels during pregnancy may change how a woman's gums respond to bacteria. Similar hormonal changes can affect girls during puberty, and women who take oral contraceptives.
Women receiving treatment for gum disease should also let dental offices know if they are taking birth control pills, because antibiotics used to treat gum disease can make some oral contraceptives less effective.
Also, women's hormones may affect mouth function in ways besides gum inflammation.
Not all pregnant women will experience the swelling, bleeding, redness or tenderness in the gum tissue that signals gingivitis. However, those who do have several possible reasons to visit a periodontist.